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Description
What the system is and what problem it solves?
The 20,000 GPD Brackish Water Reverse Osmosis (BWRO) Plant is engineered to desalinate groundwater and surface water sources containing elevated levels of dissolved salts. The system is designed to produce stable permeate quality under variable feedwater salinity and operating conditions.
Brackish water sources often experience fluctuations in TDS and ionic composition, which increase osmotic pressure and influence recovery, operating pressure, and salt passage. The BWRO plant is therefore designed with conservative membrane flux, controlled recovery, and robust mechanical construction to ensure long-term reliability.
The system is intended for applications where municipal water supply is unavailable, unsuitable, or requires on-site treatment to meet potable or process water quality standards.
Process Design & Operating Philosophy
High-TDS brackish feedwater increases membrane operating pressure and affects salt rejection behavior. The system design accounts for this by balancing hydraulic flux across membrane stages to reduce fouling tendency and control differential pressure.
Recovery is selected to limit concentrate salinity and scaling potential while maintaining energy efficiency. Where feedwater TDS approaches upper brackish limits, system operation may incorporate reduced recovery or hybrid membrane arrangements to maintain permeate quality.
Design projections consider long-term membrane performance, including fouling factors, temperature correction, and salt passage increase over membrane life.
Design Basis & Engineering Assumptions
| Parameter | Design Basis |
|---|---|
|
Feedwater TDS |
2,000 – 8,000 mg/L (extendable up to 12,000 mg/L with design adjustment) |
|
Nominal Capacity |
20,000 GPD (≈ 72–75 m³/day) |
|
Design Recovery |
50 – 60% |
|
Salt Rejection |
95 – 98% |
|
Design Temperature |
25°C (temperature correction applied) |
|
Operating Pressure |
Determined by TDS, recovery, and temperature |
|
System Type |
Single-pass brackish RO |
Final design parameters are confirmed following detailed feedwater analysis and site evaluation.
System Configuration
The BWRO plant is supplied as a skid-mounted system integrating all primary desalination components:
- Thin Film Composite (TFC) brackish water RO membranes (8-inch)
- FRP pressure vessels rated for brackish operating pressures
- Stainless steel high-pressure centrifugal pump
- Stainless steel fabricated structural skid
- High-pressure stainless steel piping
- Low-pressure UPVC piping
- Cartridge pre-filtration upstream of membranes
The layout allows clear access for operation, inspection, and maintenance activities.
Performance Parameters
| Parameter | Parameter |
|---|---|
|
Parameter Flow |
20,000 GPD |
|
Recovery |
50 – 60% |
|
Salt Rejection |
95 – 98% |
|
Feed Temperature Basis |
25°C |
|
Operating Mode |
Continuous |
|
Monitoring |
Feed, permeate, and concentrate flows |
Actual performance is verified during commissioning and optimized based on site conditions.
Pretreatment & Integration Requirements
Pretreatment is essential to protect membranes and maintain system performance. Pretreatment requirements are determined by feedwater quality and may include:
- Removal of suspended solids and turbidity
- Iron and manganese reduction
- Hardness control to limit scaling
- Dechlorination to protect membranes
- Oil and grease exclusion
The BWRO system is designed for integration with upstream pretreatment units and downstream post-treatment processes such as disinfection, blending, or remineralization.
Models
Brackish Water RO – Modular Product Range
| Model Number | Permeate Flow (GPD) | Permeate Flow (m³/day) | Number of Membranes | Motor Power (kW) | Dimensions (L x W x H, cm) | Approx. Weight (kg) |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
|
UT-BW-20K |
20,000 |
72 |
3 |
4.0 |
151 x 89 x 120 |
350 |
Note: Model numbers and configurations can be customized based on specific feedwater quality and site requirements.
Features
Standard Features:
- Stainless steel welded frame
- FRP membrane housings (8040 size)
- CSM TFC membranes (3 x 8040 elements)
- Grundfos multi-stage high-pressure pump, 4 kW, 380V/50 Hz
- 5-micron cartridge pre-filter (TK 7-20)
- Pure water and drain flow meters
- Low and high-pressure switches
- Liquid-filled pressure gauges on main panel
- SUS304 high-pressure piping and valves
- Schedule 80 UPVC low-pressure piping
- Flush, feed, and adjustment valves
- Microprocessor control panel with NEMA 12 enclosure
- 460V/3Ph/50Hz power supply
Available Options:
- Chemical dosing systems (antiscalants, chlorine)
- Multimedia and activated carbon pretreatment filters
- UV sterilization units
- Automatic membrane cleaning skid
- Permeate blending systems
- Post-treatment polishing units (deionization, calcite filters)
- Energy recovery devices (ERD)
- Variable frequency drives (VFD)
- Containerized and skid-mounted configurations
- Remote monitoring and SCADA integration
Applications
- Industrial process water requiring low TDS feed
- Commercial water purification for facilities and campuses
- Feedwater treatment prior to boiler and cooling tower use
- Desalination of brackish groundwater and surface water sources
- Pretreatment for ultrapure water systems in manufacturing
- Remote or modular water treatment installations
Reverse Osmosis Systems
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Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.
Reverse Osmosis Systems
Custom design and installation of RO plants that deliver high-purity water for industrial, commercial, and residential use.